Michelangelo Essays (1626 words) - Sistine Chapel, Painted Ceilings

Michelangelo Michelangelo was pessimistic in his poetry and an optimist in his artwork. Michelangelo's artwork consisted of paintings and sculptures that showed humanity in it's natural state. Michelangelo's poetry was pessimistic in his response to Strazzi even though he was complementing him. Michelangelo's sculpture brought out his optimism. Michelangelo was optimistic in completing The Tomb of Pope Julius II and persevered through it's many revisions trying to complete his vision. Sculpture was Michelangelo's main goal and the love of his life. Since his art portrayed both optimism and pessimism, Michelangelo was in touch with his positive and negative sides, showing that he had a great and stable personality. Michelangelo's artwork consisted of paintings and sculptures that showed humanity in it's natural state. Michelangelo Buonarroti was called to Rome in 1505 by Pope Julius II to create for him a monumental tomb. We have no clear sense of what the tomb was to look like, since over the years it went through at least five conceptual revisions. The tomb was to have three levels; the bottom level was to have sculpted figures representing Victory and bond slaves. The second level was to have statues of Moses and Saint Paul as well as symbolic figures of the active and contemplative life-representative of the human striving for, and reception of, knowledge. The third level, it is assumed, was to have an effigy of the deceased pope. The tomb of Pope Julius II was never finished. What was finished of the tomb represents a twenty-year span of frustrating delays and revised schemes. Michelangelo had hardly begun work on the pope's tomb when Julius commanded him to fresco the ceiling of the Sisti ne Chapel to complete the work done in the previous century under Sixtus IV. The overall organization consists of four large triangles at the corner; a series of eight triangular spaces on the outer border; an intermediate series of figures; and nine central panels, all bound together with architectural motifs and nude male figures. The corner triangles depict heroic action in the Old Testament, while the other eight triangles depict the biblical ancestors of Jesus Christ. Michelangelo conceived and executed this huge work as a single unit. It's overall meaning is a problem. The issue has engaged historians of art for generations without satisfactory resolution. The paintings that were done by Michelangelo had been painted with the brightest colors that just bloomed the whole ceiling as one entered to look. The ceiling had been completed just a little after the Pope had died. The Sistine Chapel is the best fresco ever done. Michelangelo embodied many characteristic qualities of the Renaissance. An individualistic, highly competitive genius (sometimes to the point of eccentricity). Michelangelo was not afraid to show humanity in it's natural state - nakedness; even in front of the Pope and the other religious leaders. Michelangelo portrayed life as it is, even with it's troubles. Michelangelo wanted to express his own artistic ideas. The most puzzling thing about Michelangelo's ceiling design is the great number of seemingly irrelevant nude figures that he included in his gigantic fresco. Four youths frame most of the Genesis scenes. We know from historical records that various church officials objected to the many nudes, but Pope Julius gave Michelangelo artistic freedom, and eventually ruled the chapel off limits to anyone save himself, until the painting was completed. The many nude figures are referred to as Ignudi. They are naked humans, perhaps representing the naked truth. More likely, I think the y represent Michelangelo's concept of the human potential for perfection. Michelangelo himself said, "Whoever strives for perfection is striving for something divine." In painting nude humans, he is suggesting the unfinished human; each of us is born nude with a mind and a body, in Neoplatonic thought, with the power to be our own shapers. Michelangelo has a very great personality for his time. In Rome, in 1536, Michelangelo was at work on the Last Judgment for the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel, which he finished in 1541. The largest fresco of the Renaissance, it depicts Judgment Day. Christ, with a clap of thunder, puts into motion the inevitable separation, with the saved ascending on the left side of the painting and

Free Essays on Ancient Chinese Medicine

The ancient Chinese had numerous remedial methods. The Chinese were the first to do autopsies. We also invented acupuncture, acupressure, and natural herbs. In Ancient China, the Chinese's goal to make medicine was to make an elixir of life to make emperors immortal and help them live eternally. Eventually, in their quest to make an elixir of life, they made series of medicines and remedies. The Chinese believed that this liquid potion was made from the gods. The idea to discover an elixir and the science of medicine was influenced by Tao Ch'ien, a famous poet and philosopher. In his poetry and philosophy, he believed that if the Chinese discovered a method of turning metal into gold, which would last forever, they would at the same time discover the elixir of life. With this belief, doctors and pharmacologists began to search madly for a technique to make metal into gold. After creating many medicines (such as herbal medicines like an Euryale seed which treated urination problems an d animal organs, like the pig's liver, that helped someone's eyesight), which were discovered during the rush to make an elixir of life, Tsou Yen, a pharmacologist, formed a theory on how he thought diseases were caused. He believed two spirit-like life forces called Yin and Yang flowed through the body. He said that diseases were thought to be caused when either Yin or Yang were out of balance. After his belief was spread, many doctors in China tried to make a way to make the Yin and Yang balanced inside the body. About a century after the discovery of medicine, acupuncture was invented in China. Acupuncture is where needles are put in certain parts of the person's body. The Chinese believed that if you put the needles in those specific spots, Yin and Yang would be balanced. When the forces were balanced, it was believed to relieve your pain and you wouldn't get any diseases. That treatment was the most commonly used at the time. Later in the years, Chines... Free Essays on Ancient Chinese Medicine Free Essays on Ancient Chinese Medicine The ancient Chinese had numerous remedial methods. The Chinese were the first to do autopsies. We also invented acupuncture, acupressure, and natural herbs. In Ancient China, the Chinese's goal to make medicine was to make an elixir of life to make emperors immortal and help them live eternally. Eventually, in their quest to make an elixir of life, they made series of medicines and remedies. The Chinese believed that this liquid potion was made from the gods. The idea to discover an elixir and the science of medicine was influenced by Tao Ch'ien, a famous poet and philosopher. In his poetry and philosophy, he believed that if the Chinese discovered a method of turning metal into gold, which would last forever, they would at the same time discover the elixir of life. With this belief, doctors and pharmacologists began to search madly for a technique to make metal into gold. After creating many medicines (such as herbal medicines like an Euryale seed which treated urination problems an d animal organs, like the pig's liver, that helped someone's eyesight), which were discovered during the rush to make an elixir of life, Tsou Yen, a pharmacologist, formed a theory on how he thought diseases were caused. He believed two spirit-like life forces called Yin and Yang flowed through the body. He said that diseases were thought to be caused when either Yin or Yang were out of balance. After his belief was spread, many doctors in China tried to make a way to make the Yin and Yang balanced inside the body. About a century after the discovery of medicine, acupuncture was invented in China. Acupuncture is where needles are put in certain parts of the person's body. The Chinese believed that if you put the needles in those specific spots, Yin and Yang would be balanced. When the forces were balanced, it was believed to relieve your pain and you wouldn't get any diseases. That treatment was the most commonly used at the time. Later in the years, Chines...

The appearance of 'symbolism' and 'themes' found in Maya Angelou's, I Essay

The appearance of 'symbolism' and 'themes' found in Maya Angelou's, I know Why the Caged Bird Sings - Essay Example The years in between are marked by at least seven major upheavals of her life, moving from her parents home as a tiny child to her grandmother’s house in Stamps, back to St. Louis to live with her mother and back to Stamps following a rape by her mother’s boyfriend. Eventually, she is returned to her mother, this time in San Francisco. Her visit to her father in Southern California turns into a nightmare period of living on the streets until she is finally able to return to her mother’s home in San Francisco. Throughout the story, Angelou employs a great deal of symbolism to relate her personal journey to the greater journey of the black woman of her generation through such devices as Maya’s Easter Dress, Momma’s store, Maya’s rape at the age of eight, the metaphor of the cage and the concept of voice. The story begins with a particularly poignant scene from Maya’s early life in Stamps that instantly identifies the degree to which the black community was subdued under the yoke of white expectations through the symbol of the lavender dress. Although Maya’s community is entirely black, her ideals regarding what is beautiful are established by the white world outside. This concept is symbolized in the form of her lavender Easter dress. â€Å"I knew that once I put it on I’d look like a movie star †¦ I was going to look like one of the sweet little white girls who were everybody’s dream of what was right with the world† (Angelou 1). In this statement, Angelou captures the primary desire of all black girls of her generation and before and many since who have felt the only way to find social acceptance was to somehow rid oneself of one’s ‘blackness.’ Angelou herself has indicated that she â€Å"wasn’t thinking so much a bout my own life or identity. I was thinking about a particular time in which I lived and the influences of that time on a number of people †¦ I used the central figure –

Gun control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gun control - Research Paper Example The basis of the gun control debate lies squarely at the feet of the 2nd amendment. Created in 1791, the 2nd amendment states: "a well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed". The purpose of the 2nd amendment was to allow individual states to form their own militias to protect themselves and their country in the event of an attack from outside sources. Such an amendment was deemed necessary by the founding fathers due to the fact that the Revolutionary War had ended several years earlier, and by necessity, civilian men (and at times boys) needed to take up arms as a matter of defense. During the civil war, African American men were also called upon to join militias in an effort to defend the South from the invading Union soldiers. After the Civil War ended, there was much debate on whether the freed slaves should still be permitted the right to bear arms as a means of protection for themselves and their assets. The 14th amendment was drafted as a means to quelling the uncertainty surrounding the rights of former slaves in regards to the possession of firearms (Wilson 163). ... The 1856 Supreme Court decision in the case of Dred Scott v. Sanford denied African Americans the right to full citizenship. Due to this denial of full rights, African Americans were prohibited from carrying weapons and firearms of any sort. It wasn't until 1866 when the Civil Rights Act was passed by Congress that carrying a firearm became legal for all citizens despite their ethnic background (Wilson 164). Since that time gun control policy has been scrutinized for various reasons, but none stemming from racial or ethnic bias. Gun Control Policy 1900-2008 Since the year 1900, there have been reviews of gun control policy in the United States. During the early 1900's, terrorist factions, such as the mafia began to take hold of major cities across the United States. Gun violence was erupting on a daily basis as crime bosses fought their battles to control the streets. Many individuals who were not involved in criminal activity were losing their lives. As a response to the increase in gun violence across the country, the Supreme Court passed the National Firearms act. The National Firearms Act of 1934 imposes an excise tax on those firearms believed to be used routinely in criminal activity (Lott 125). This excise tax was imposed on the manufacturer of the firearm as well as the individual selling the firearm. Guns such as machine guns, short barreled rifles, short barreled shotguns and hand grenades topped the list of those firearms subjected to the increased excise tax. Congress first mandated that guns less than 16 inches would be considered short barreled, and thus subjected to the tax, but in 1960 the National Firearms Act was amended, changing the mandated barrel length to 14 inches (Lott 183). The assassination of several prominent

Jetblue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jetblue - Research Paper Example Some of the features underlying the Jet Blue Airline Company include satellite radio, television on every seat, and some in-flight entertainment (James, 2012). Jet blue airline also has an uncensored single-class system, outstanding flight attendants, a user friendly online air ticketing system, and an Airbus A320s. The airline has scooped awards for its outstanding performance over the years; it was awarded for being the best domestic airline by "Readers' Choice Award" commonly termed as the Conde Nast Traveler. Jet blue also won the "Highest Customer Satisfaction Among Low Cost Carriers in North America" award by J.D. Power and Associates' in 2008. The planes from JetBlue Airline Company connect over 80 destinations including; Bahamas, Las Vegas, West Palm Beach, San Juan, and Puerto Rico (James, 2012). The executive vice president of JetBlue’s systems and technology, John Eng revealed the plans of the airline company to disclose its modern workstation in New York at the Joh n F. Kennedy International Airport. A terminal that if launched would be the peak of one major technological project by the airline. At what is normally called terminal 5 at the John F. Kennedy International Airport, is comprised of 20 check-point security lanes, Wi-Fi all over the terminal and the planes, 65 e-ticketing kiosks and 40ticket counters, and self –service all over the terminal (James, 2012). The Jet Blue Company also broke up its contract with the Navitaire Company; a move which Navitaire claims is as a result of JetBlue’s misperception about the ability of the company’s functionality. According to Navitaire, it was providing JetBlue Company with an Open Skies platform. The Navitaire Company move to transit from the open Skies platform to New Skies system is one of the contributing factors that made JetBlue break their contract and sign a new contract with Sabre e-ticketing. The New Skies platform is designed to work with a ticketless model of which money is not attached to an individual ticket but to the customer record (James, 2012). However, Navitaire defends its ticketless New Skies as more effective and efficient than the Sabre e-ticket model since the New Skies can avoid the need of relocating data out and back among numerous systems. Despite of the new ticketing technology that allows for ticketless model that is attached to customer records, Jet Blue Airline chose to remain with their usual ticketing model with SabreSonic. Navitaire Company perceives Jet Blue’s luxity to adopt the new e-ticketing system that embraces a ticketless model, as a decision that has been influenced by having a team that has roots with the U.S legacy carriers (James, 2012). Navitaires states that JetBlue cannot understand the benefits that come with the new ticketless model. The benefits mentioned include; flexibility of services, reduced costs, and ticketing efficiencies. The Chief executive Officer (CEO) and president of JetBlue Airli ne, David Barger confirmed against Navitaires perceptions and stated that Sabre will provide his company with numerous benefits. Berger continues and says that the new platform adopted by Jet Blue provides the company with robust and flexible tools to increase the products and services rendered to their customers. The CEO adds on that the technological system will help in further augmenting the brand of the airline and advancing the general customer

History Of The Food And Beverage Management Marketing Essay

History Of The Food And Beverage Management Marketing Essay In this modern age, people dine out for pure enjoyment, to escape from their daily routine, to experience different styles of cuisine and the service the restaurants offer. When going to a restaurant, customers pay attention to the location it is sited in. When choosing a restaurant, customers pay attention to their surroundings and they consider if it is a good area, if it accessible, if it offers car parking or if it is close to a station and if it is suitable for disabled people. Customer that would dine in a restaurant expects warm ambience, high standard service, good customer care and exceedingly good quality food. From the restaurants point of view there are many more aspects to pay detailed attention to, such as: The type of market it is serving, their customer profile, strengths and weaknesses of the operation, Menu, staffing, resources, merchandising, promotions, issues on the macro environment that would effect the business, attention to their competitors, opportunities to improve the business and the threats that could be harmful to the business and the actions to take against it. This report is on the analysis of Boxwood Cafe in Knightsbridge. The reason that this restaurant has been taken in consideration is because there are many fans of Gordon Ramsay. Gordon Ramsay is known for his high level of attention to detail and his high standards of service, which attracts this report to investigate the management of this restaurant. Having said this, it was a struggle to reach the manager of Boxwood Cafe in such a busy environment. It was only possible to gain information on Boxwood Cafe, electronically, with a questionnaire answered by Angela Downes, the operations manager of Gordon Ramsay Holdings. Most of the questions were answered, however, a certain amount was considered to be strictly confidential as she quoted: We do not divulge this information. The amount of questions answered were six out of eleven, leaving out questions about the customers profile, their SWOT analysis of the Menu, questions on staff problems and staff challenges and what their external threats would be. Would you name any four challenges within the management? Angela Downes quotes: We do not divulge this information, which again this shows the secretive nature of the company. Company Information and Location Company information Opened in 2003: Gordon opened the uniquely styled Boxwood Cafà © at The Berkeley, Head Chef Stuart Gillies creates an inspired seasonal menu with emphasis on British ingredients presented with daily market specials Owned by Gordon Ramsay Holdings Ltd Executive chef: Stuart Gilles: Stuarts passion and contagious drive was captured by Gordon who immediately offered Stuart the reins to this innovative restaurant concept. Stuart transcended old classic French dishes into modern Italian at The Connaught. His influences at this time also reflected a year spent in Rome at the Lord Byron Hotel and 3 years in Stockholm, Sweden. Manager: Joeness Amara-Bangali: Joeness Amara-Bangali joined Stuart Gillies and the Boxwood team in January 2005 to manage the busy restaurant and Private Dining room. Previous to this, he was Restaurant Manager at Sugar Reef from July 2001 to December 2004. His approach to service has maintained the informal style that Boxwood has perfected, whilst providing guests with a vibrant atmosphere and fun dining experience. Location The Berkeley, Knightsbridge LONDON: 5 star luxury and  contemporary chic hotel in Knightsbridge Hotels and fashion Brands around the area: Mandarine Oriental, Sheraton Park Tower, Carlton Tower, Lowndes Hotel are the 5 star Hotels we can find in Knightsbridge. Sheraton Belgravia, Rembrandt Hotel, Claverely on Beaufort Gardens, Franklin Hotel and Millennium Knightsbridge are the 4 star hotels situated in this area. The hotels situated around the restaurant are http://widget.criteo.com/sendEvwi=7709106pt1=2i1=181858The Lanesborough, Intercontinental London Park Lane, The Halkin , The Berkeley, The Metropolitan, The Athenaeum, The Park Lane Hotel, The Jumeirah Lowndes Hotel and many more that are luxurious and on top of the class. Hyde Park: Hyde Park is literally across the road from the restaurant and is an attraction to every local and tourist. Thanks to the green surrounding it offers and many water facilities, it is an attraction and relaxing park. Department stores: Harrods, Harvey Nichols: Harrods is one of the main tourist attractions in Knightsbridge thanks to the luxurious variety of products it offers and with their seasonal themes and events in the store. It creates an attractive atmosphere to the customer. Harvey Nichols, another department store in Knightsbridge ,offers another type of atmosphere which is considered modern that would target a younger generation. Competiton:100 restaurants in Knightsbridge (approximately): The restaurants sited in Knightsbridge would include big restaurant chains such as Wagamama, Yo-Sushi , Cafà © Rouge and etc. To mention the restaurants within Harrods,such as The Georgian Restaurant, The Terrace Bar, Caffà © Florian , Planet Harrods, Dim Sum, The Veuve Clicquot Champagne Bar, The Green Man Pub, Sushi Bar or the Fifth Floor restaurant in Harvey Nichols are more convenient for the customer but would make it harder for Boxwood Cafe to attract the customer. The other direct competition would be the opening of Marcus Wareings restaurant at The Berkeley. As we all know Marcus Wareing was in business with Gordon Ramsay and was a chef patron of Petrus and The Savoy Grill of Gordon Ramsay holdings. After separating and parting from Ramsay holdings Ltd, Wareing opened a restaurant at The Berkeley which hosts Boxwood Cafà © as well. The conclusion is that they know each others operation strategies which may create a direct competition. Customer Profile Demographic Profile Age: 28-50 Gender: Male and Female Occupation: Skilled Workers Salary : £120,000 and over, after tax Lifestyle: Cash rich, Time rich(customers which have the money and time to spend) Geographic Segmentation Local, regional and International customer Psychographic segmentation Smart-Casual social groups: People who would escape from the lag of the highly busy Knightsbridge. Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Strengths Situated in a high class area Owned by a celebrity chefs company: which has its own publicity and would attract customers to have an experience the food that Gordon Ramsay proudly recommends. Accessible Environmentalists Exceedingly good customer care Friendly Staff British Menu Large variety of choice on the Menu Excellence of training staff Weaknesses Price of alcohol very expensive Staff is not aware of the dish served in front of the customer e.g. Blue meat served to customer that requested medium and customer that requested blue was served medium. Too many waiters serving one same table Low advertising Macro-Environment Analyzing the restaurant, we identify the PEST, Political, Economical and Socio-cultural, technological. Politics: (Food Standard Agency, http://www.food.gov.uk/foodindustry, 2009) Regulation (EC) 852/2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs Regulation (EC) 853/2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin Regulation (EC) 854/2004 laying down specific rules for the organisation of official controls on products of animal origin intended for human consumption The legislation: modernised, consolidated and simplified the previous EU food hygiene legislation applies effective and proportionate controls throughout the food chain, from primary production to sale or supply to the final consumer (from farm to fork) focuses controls on what is necessary for public health protection clarifies that it is the primary responsibility of food business operators to produce food safety Economic: The Credit crunch Gas prices going up Electricity prices Socio-cultural: the evolving of age of the population and the consequences it will have on the market Technological: as technology improves in the industry for equipment used in kitchens, the skills required will decrease, time will be spared, labour costs will be cut down. Opportunities: They can improve their weaknesses as mentioned above Threats: would be the direct competitions that are situated around the area and as mentioned earlier on there are a lot of competing restaurants (approximately 100 according to www.allinlondon.co.uk, 2009) The Menu According to Foskett One approach to sale analysis, which had gained popularity is the technique known as menu engineering. This is a technique of menu analysis that uses two key factors of performance in sales of individual menu items: The popularity and Gross Profit cash contribution of each item. There are four types of categorizations in menu engineering. Items of high popularity and high GP contribution. These are known as stars. Items of high popularity, low GP contribution. These are known as plowhorses. Items of low popularity, high GP contribution. These are known as puzzles on the menu. Items of low popularity, low cash GP contribution. These are known as the worst items on the menu and are known as dogs. Type of Menu Modern British Produce based on seasonality Best selling dish: Grilled Aberdeen Angus rib-eye chop Set lunch  £25 per head A la carte  £50 per head(average) Menu changed frequently Managerial analysis Average spend per head  £50 Average cover daily: 205 Monthly income: around  £310.000 Cover Capacity: 120 Keeping customers loyal Advertisement: Internet Sites. Keeping customers loyal: Voucher cards, phone numbers and e-mails Exceeding customer expectations and Providing high standards of cuisine Recommendations staff should be more attentive to the needs of the customer it is better to keep one waiter serving the table, to reduce the confusion of mixing orders of customers specific requests get rid of the dogs on the menu In order to boost sales, the restaurant must advertise more To keep track of Customers and their details, restaurant could use reward cards.

Comparing The Color Purple and Macbeth :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing The Color Purple and Macbeth What is a perfect human? Human perfection may be measured by physical ability or intellectual achievement; however, it may also be measured by strength of character, and in this realm humans may often fall short. Weakness of character, shown through various character flaws, causes most of the hardships in life. Literature such as Shakespeare's Macbeth and Alison Walker's The Color Purple contain three levels of characters: setting characters, secondary characters and the main character. Combined, these three all contribute character flaws which leads to the novel or play's ultimate tragedy. The setting character appears in the beginning of a piece of literature to give one a feel and sense of how the piece will reach out to the reader. King Duncan sets the atmosphere in Macbeth when we see different characters take advantage of his character flaw, naivete. Immediately we begin to see some of the major themes such as betrayal and manipulation and know what direction the play will take. King Duncan's naivete is first shown when we find out that the former Thane of Cawdor has betrayed King Duncan and that he did not have any idea of it. This incident then prepares us for King Duncan's meeting with Lady Macbeth, where Lady Macbeth deceives King Duncan. We know Lady Macbeth is not loyal, yet he considers her his "honour'd hostess.../Which still [he] thank[s] and love[s]" (I. vi. 9-12). Once again when naive King Duncan puts his trust into the hands of disloyal Macbeth by making him Thane of Cowdar, the atmosphere and plot advances by making Macbeth's future plans possible. Celie's mother, in the beginning of the novel The Color Purple, is a very small but effective setting character. Her character flaw was irresponsible parenting because she did not protect her daughter. With this lack of protection, Celie did not have any female role models when she was growing up. Therefore, Celie was not able to become knowledgeable about life and have good female company. Another effect this flaw had on the protagonist was that she had no one to teach her how to understand herself. Celie was unable to realize all of the wonderful qualities of being and becoming a woman. Because she could not appreciate being a woman, she was unable to appreciate herself, and therefore had a lack of self confidence.

Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder

There are many diseases and disorders that plague today†s society, but one of the most serious of those disorders is autism. Autism is not nearly as widely known as the familiar Down†s Syndrome, yet, surprisingly, autism is far more widespread. In fact, autism is the third most common developmental disability, affecting 400,000 people worldwide (Autism Society of America). As of yet there is no cure for this debilitating disorder, only a variety of treatments. Autism is a developmental disability, not a mental illness, that typically appears during the first three years of life and affects 15 of every 10,000 individuals. No one is certain why it occurs, but researchers have found that MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scans of people with autism show abnormalities in the structure of the brain. Significant abnormalities include differences in the cerebellum and in the size and number of Purkinje cells within the brain. Sometimes there is a pattern that exists within families from generation to generation. This indicates the possibility that autism is genetically related. However, no gene has been found. Every person with autism is different and there is no set type or typical person with autism. This is because autism is a spectrum disorder, meaning that symptoms and characteristics of the disorder can present themselves in a variety of ways, from mild to severe. Usually children with autism have deficiencies in both verbal and non-verbal communication. Their language develops slowly or not at all and they have very short attention spans. They often lack social skills and will spend time alone, rather than with others. In more severe cases, children have unusual reactions to physical sensations such as being overly sensitive to touch or under responsive to pain. Most commonly, children with autism lack imagination and imitate other†s ideas, rather than initiate their own. Lastly, behavior is greatly affected by autism. They may be overactive or very passive and throw frequent tantrums, injuring themselves, for no apparent reason other than to gather attention. They often lack common sense and show aggressive or violent behavior. While some people only show one or two symptoms, others have all or nearly all and find it extremely difficult to function in society. People with autism do live normal life spans and the behaviors associated may change or disappear over time. As of yet, there is no cure for autism. However, with the proper treatment, many of the behaviors can be positively changed. Some of the treatments include behavioral training, teaching of communication and social skills, auditory training, medications, and a change in diet. Behavioral training or modification, as it is also called, deals with changing or extinguishing inappropriate behaviors and increasing positive behaviors. A few methods are used to do this. One way is self-management where the individual monitors their behavior and receives self-reinforcement. Another method used is modeling. This is when the teacher or therapist demonstrates what is being done so the child can â€Å"model† the steps. Behavioral training is effective in stopping self-inflicted pain by shaping and distributing positive reinforcement. The teaching of communication and social skills is an integral part of treating autism. Speech therapy may include gaining language skills or learning sign language. Some devices are used frequently such as picture communication boards. Another device is used with a trained professional supporting the hand or arm of the person helping them to punch keys on a device. This technique, called facilitated communication, is highly controversial because it is sometimes thought that the facilitator is directing the person†s arm unknowingly. One of the main characteristics of autism is the lack of understanding of social cues (Autism Society of America). The person with autism may be taught how to communicate in social situations or respond to certain facial expressions and emotions. If the emphasis is on social communication, a speech therapist will work closely with the child to ensure proper communication in social situations. Auditory training is sometimes used for those individuals who are oversensitive to sound. An audiologist plays a different variety of sound frequencies in this therapy. The frequencies coincide with the level of the child†s impairment. Food allergies and sensitivities have been shown to produce a variety of symptoms associated with autism (Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities 1). It appears that children with autism benefit from diets that are free of gluten and casein. This is possibly because the inability to adequately process these substances can result in disorders such as postpartum psychosis, schizophrenia, and autism (Reichelt & Landmark, 1994). When these processes are not properly metabolized a short chain of amino acids results. They may become active, and behaviors associated with autism result. A small portion of them will cross into the brain causing interference with the signals that account for normal activities. Also many vitamins and minerals have proven to be effective in treating certain behaviors in children with autism because they do not get enough essential nutrients. Many medications are being tested everyday to find a treatment for the symptoms of autism. Some drugs have been effective for such things as stopping self-inflicted pain and other minor symptoms. None, though, have gotten to the source of the problem like the language deficits. Drug therapy is not one of the widely used treatments for autism because there are better methods that allow for more progress. There are still many unanswered questions about autism and its treatments. Sometimes the symptoms can lessen or disappear as the child ages. The majority of people however, will continue to show symptoms throughout their lives. There is not one sure treatment for every person with autism, since every person may have different symptoms. What works for one person may or may not work for another and it is imperative to talk with a doctor about what treatment option will work best with a certain combination of symptoms. Although this is a debilitating disorder, individuals who find the right treatment plan for themselves can lead a normal life.

Free Essays on Restoration Of Eve

Restoration of Eve Amelia Lanyer’s, â€Å"Eve’s Apology in Defense of Women,† functions as a type of revolutionary vindication of the rights of â€Å"Our Mother Eve.† What is interesting about Lanyer’s defense for Eve is her anticipation of Mary Wollstoncraft’s, â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Women. Unfortunately in the end she did not succeed. Lanyer tries to justify Eve’s actions by shifting blame onto Adam. This justification makes Lanyer’s argument weak. The shift of blame does not cause empathy for Eve. It makes it look as though Eve has something to conceal. In the end her image is not restored back to a positive figure. If Lanyer merely provided a defense without transferring the guilt onto Adam, Eve’s reputation would have been saved. â€Å"Eve’s Apology in the Defense of Women† starts off on the right path. Lanyer begins the vindication of Eve by pointing out her flaws. She paints a picture of a naive Eve, expressing that Eve is weak and muted. Lanyer states, â€Å"Our mother Eve, who tasted of the tree, Giving to Adam what she held most dear, Was simply good, and had no power to see† (lines 19-21). Eve is a fine woman trying to share her delight and to be a good partner to Adam. She does not have the power to see that tasting the Tree of Knowledge is wrong. Lanyer goes on to explain Eve’s weakness, â€Å"But she, poor soul, but cunning was deceived; Not hurt therein her harmless hear intended.† (lines 29-30). Eve’s heart is filled with love. Her intentions are not harmful. She is feeble when compared to the serpent and did not have the knowledge to guard herself. In the book of Genesis, Adam and Eve are both punished for eating the forbidden fruit. Though both are at fault, Eve has carried the burden over the years. Lanyer admits that Eve is not innocent, â€Å"That undiscerning ignorance perceived. No guile or craft that was by him intended; for had she known of what we were bereav... Free Essays on Restoration Of Eve Free Essays on Restoration Of Eve Restoration of Eve Amelia Lanyer’s, â€Å"Eve’s Apology in Defense of Women,† functions as a type of revolutionary vindication of the rights of â€Å"Our Mother Eve.† What is interesting about Lanyer’s defense for Eve is her anticipation of Mary Wollstoncraft’s, â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Women. Unfortunately in the end she did not succeed. Lanyer tries to justify Eve’s actions by shifting blame onto Adam. This justification makes Lanyer’s argument weak. The shift of blame does not cause empathy for Eve. It makes it look as though Eve has something to conceal. In the end her image is not restored back to a positive figure. If Lanyer merely provided a defense without transferring the guilt onto Adam, Eve’s reputation would have been saved. â€Å"Eve’s Apology in the Defense of Women† starts off on the right path. Lanyer begins the vindication of Eve by pointing out her flaws. She paints a picture of a naive Eve, expressing that Eve is weak and muted. Lanyer states, â€Å"Our mother Eve, who tasted of the tree, Giving to Adam what she held most dear, Was simply good, and had no power to see† (lines 19-21). Eve is a fine woman trying to share her delight and to be a good partner to Adam. She does not have the power to see that tasting the Tree of Knowledge is wrong. Lanyer goes on to explain Eve’s weakness, â€Å"But she, poor soul, but cunning was deceived; Not hurt therein her harmless hear intended.† (lines 29-30). Eve’s heart is filled with love. Her intentions are not harmful. She is feeble when compared to the serpent and did not have the knowledge to guard herself. In the book of Genesis, Adam and Eve are both punished for eating the forbidden fruit. Though both are at fault, Eve has carried the burden over the years. Lanyer admits that Eve is not innocent, â€Å"That undiscerning ignorance perceived. No guile or craft that was by him intended; for had she known of what we were bereav...

Statistics on Tweens and Dating Violence

Statistics on Tweens and Dating Violence While many adults have become aware of the prevalence of teen dating abuse and violence, few realize that preteen girls (and boys) are also victims and that the earlier they become sexually active, the more likely tweens will experience abuse and violence throughout their teen and young adult years. According to the July 2008 Tween and Teen Dating Violence and Abuse Study commissioned by Liz Claiborne Inc. and loveisespect.org, The National Teen Dating Abuse Helpline, tweens involved in relationships with the opposite sex experience significant rates of dating abuse and violence. For the purposes of this study, the following groups were defined as follows:Tweens - adolescents age 11-14Teens - adolecents age 15-18Parents - adults with a child age 11-14 The survey revealed the following about tween dating violence and abuse: Tweens who have been in a relationship report peer pressure and emotional and physical abuse. 62% know friends and peers whove been verbally abused by a boyfriend/girlfriend. 36% know friends and peers whove been pressured by their relationship partner to do something they didnt want to do.20% of 13 and 14-year olds in relationships know friends and peers whove been physically abused (kicked, hit, slapped or punched) by a boyfriend/girlfriend. Tweens identify abuse as a serious problem but dont know what to do about it. 24% say dating abuse and violence is a serious problem among their age group, and 37% say verbal abuse is a problem. Only 51% of tweens say they know the warning signs of a bad tween dating relationship, and 54% say they would know what to do if a friend asked for help. Tweens who engage in sexual activity are more likely to experience teen dating violence and abuse. 69% know say theyve experienced one or more types of abuse in a relationship 61% have been called names or put down verbally. 34% were physically abused . 36% were pressured to have oral sex when they didnt want to . 34% were pressured into having sexual intercourse when they didnt want to . In marked contrast, teens who delay sexual activity experience significantly less teen dating violence and abuse. 36% have been called names or put down verbally. 9% were physically abused . 15% were pressured to have oral sex when they didnt want to . 15% were pressured into having sexual intercourse when they didnt want to . Teens and tweens in relationships are most likely to discuss their experiences with friends and parents. 67% of tweens in relationships discuss their experiences with friends. 67% of tweens in relationships discuss their experiences with their mom. 78% of teens discuss their dating relationships with friends . 48% of teens discuss their dating relationships with their mom . Parents who delay talking to their tweens about relationships may find themselves out of the loop later on. 70% of parents who havent talked to their tween say its because their child is too young. 67% of parents say they know a lot or everything about their tweens dating relationship, but only 51% of tweens agree. 20% of tweens say their parents know little or nothing about their dating relationships, although only 8% of parents admit that . 38% of parents say their tween has been in a relationship, whereas 47% of tweens say that about themselves . Only 8% of parents say that their child has hooked up with a partner, versus 17% of tweens who say theyve hooked up. For parents, educators, and other adults concerned by these findings, two factors clearly have impact on the incidence of tween and teen dating abuse: Delaying the age at which a teenager first has sex greatly reduces the chances she/he will be involved in abuse.Talking to a child very early on about dating, relationships, and sexual behavior even before it seems necessary is essential to maintaining open communications between parent and child and may reduce the incidence of abuse. The Tween and Teen Dating Violence and Abuse Study was conducted January 2-18, 2008 by TRU (Teenage Research Unlimited) and the surveys findings were released July 8, 2008.

Prepare a research paper on one form of soil degradation, its impact,

Prepare a on one form of soil degradation, its impact, methods that are being used to reduce or reverse its impac - Research Paper Example The paper also presents various methods that are being used to reduce or reverse its impact. The relevance of soil erosion to the sustainable use of soil has been discussed. Soil Erosion Soil erosion is a phenomenon that has been taking place for many years. Loose soil on the earth surface is moved by water and wind especially where the ground is bare. As the soil is formed, it is moved away to a different place if it is not covered or held tight by vegetation (Toy et al 2002). Intense human activity has caused soil in the recent past to be moved at a higher rate than its formation. Some activities such as overgrazing and inappropriate farming practices have increased the vulnerability of soil to erosion. Soil that is left bare is carried away by strong wind or rainfall and deposited in rivers and water masses (Cox and Ashley 2000). Rain splash is among the causes of soil erosion whereby very strong rain drops fall on bare soil detaching and moving it for a short distance. The effect s of splash erosion are usually in-situ since the soil is only moved over a minimal distance. Moreover, the rain must fall with significant intensity for erosion to take place. The soil is re-distributed on the surface unless if the area is sloping. Rill erosion may occur when the soil is moved along channels down slope. When the intensity of rainfall is high, the channels may enlarge to form gullies. Gulley erosion is more pronounced in many parts of the world and is associated with mass movement of soil (Bathgate and Pannell 2002). Generally, when the rain falls on soil, a substantial amount of water is absorbed until the soil is saturated. It takes time for the water to infiltrate and therefore the more time the water remains on the soil surface the greater the possibility of absorption. Soil erosion is mainly attributed to overland flow, which is the water that does not infiltrate in to the soil. This occurs mostly when the rainfall is sudden and with high intensity giving littl e time for absorption. Excess runoff is moved down slope by gravity and as rills converge at the bottom of the slope, larger gullies are formed and the overall result is high intensity of erosion and huge soil deposits down slope (Boardman 2006). Wind is also a significant cause of soil erosion especially in semi-arid areas. It redistributes soil and may also move it over a long distance. Soil with detached individual particles through human and animal activities is susceptible to wind erosion. Soil may as well move down slope through tillage (Troeh, 2003). This is usually attributed to wrong methods of plowing, such as contour farming down slope. Apart from moving the soil, tillage creates weakness in soil layers making them susceptible to other forms of erosion. Soil erosion may take place in a gradual and unnoticeable manner eventually causing significant impacts on the soil. In most cases, people tend to control soil erosion once it has occurred rather than putting preventive me asures in place to avoid its occurrence (Abel 2001). Impacts of Soil Erosion Soil erosion is a major environmental problem in the current day since it does not only affect the productivity of land in-situ but also affects the environment ex-situ where the soil is deposited. It has been a significant contributor of flash floods in areas down stream as soil layers accumulate in river channels thereby raising the riverbeds. The result has been mass displacement of populations and damage of crops (Vaclav 2000). On the other hand, soil erosion

Learning Theories and Emergent Theories of Learning Essay

Learning Theories and Emergent Theories of Learning - Essay Example Starratt (2008) posit that decontextualized and depersonalized learning method in instruction posed an inauthentic, dishonest, disrespectful, and, hence, do not a virtuous learning approach (p. 1). Learners should be taught to discover the relevance and goodness of dialogue between learners and the relation of intelligible realities to their mutual interdependence (Starratt, 2008, p 1). These learning processes need learning-centred and extensive monitoring of their academic progress, as well as, diagnose the learning difficulties of students (Masters, 2005). Standard academic development is relevant to meet the needs and teachers must be constructivist broad-based leaders inside every classroom as a strategy (Lambert, 2003). The learning-centred approaches refers to the nurturing of students for clarity of knowledge, skills, and understanding including the academic design, diagnosis, and monitoring of individual progress (Lambert, 2003). Hence, it’s important that teachers po ssess quality teaching materials for effective teaching strategies (Lambert, 2003).Gross (2004) observed that numerous educators and schools are not quite supported by the government and hence, confront serious disruption in their roles as educators and expert managers of educational institutions. With lacking supports, educators are pulled from completing and achieving their targets hence, demoralizing students, teachers and managers (Gross, 2004). Education can only be successful when institutions are supported by the government to make it an effective and efficient service institution. This value-oriented education will put all learners within the positive tract and will motivate them to become pro-active stakeholders in a community that is struggling to remove the vestiges of poverty, illiteracy, social inequities, and ecological-related problems (Starrat, 2005). This can bring about the highest form of commitment and leadership in all endeavours and context. Teachers therefore play a crucial role in nurturing values and principle-centred knowledge for learners to genuinely and authentically live their lives in a deeply meaningful and value-centred sense of purpose. But these ideals can only be undertaken with support for change management; curriculum-instruction assessment; professional development practices; innovative pedagogical approach; and, education management (Gross, 2004; Wehlage, Newmann, & Secada, 1996). The learning process should be innovative and motivating for an authentic outcome using learners and instructors’ skills and ability to innovate means to elicit or generate the authentic outcome of education (Parens, 2005; Glendinning, 2005) Module 3: Learning Theories and Emergent Theories of Learning Teachers must develop a curriculum that is supported of an environment where students are allowed full participation, dialogue, inquiry, reflection, and rediscovering of the transformational models to revive their sense of purposiveness in this world (Tuana, 2007; Wehlage, Newmann, & Secada, 1996; Ornstein & Hunkins, 2004). Everybody has the notion that teachers are there to engage learners to improve their crafts, to make them action and result-oriented, and to inculcate on learners to be adaptive to changes and to possess such disposition of assuming responsibility to question falsities. It’s also from this notion that those who’d found the need to rise up from challenges brace themselves to respond to perplexed and multidimensional concerns on civilization, poverty, lack of access to quality education, conflicts and war, excessive human rights